How to Avoid and Cope with the flu

Flu season is upon us once again, and with the combination of a flu vaccine shortage and upcoming holiday travel, it is worth taking a look at the causes, preventions, and remedies of this contagious and potentially dangerous illness.

Know How the Flu Spreads

Influenza spreads in respiratory droplets from coughing and sneezing. It usually travels directly from person to person, though people can become infected by touching something with the virus on it and then touching their own mouth or nose. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), human influenza viruses can survive on surfaces for up to 8 hours. Adults may be able to infect others one day before getting symptoms, and for seven days after getting sick, so it is possible to give someone the flu before you know you have it, as well as while you are sick.

Prevent the Flu

One of the best protections against the flu is a strong immune system, maintained by a well-balanced, healthy diet, regular exercise, and a positive mental attitude. Natural immune boosters may also be of benefit.

The CDC advocates habits that we should all practice in order to help prevent spreading the flu:

• Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze, and throw the tissue away after you use it.
• Wash your hands with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. Influenza virus is destroyed by soap…and also by alcohol, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, iodine-based antiseptics, and heat.
• Stay away from people who are sick. When you are sick, keep your distance from others to protect them from getting ill.
• If you have the flu, stay home from work, school, or errands to prevent spreading the illness.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs and viruses are often spread when a person touches something that is contaminated with pathogens and then touches his or her eyes, nose, or mouth.

If You Get the Flu

Flu symptoms can develop suddenly and may include fever, headache, tiredness, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, diarrhea, or vomiting.

If you come down with the flu, get lots of rest, drink plenty of liquids, and avoid using alcohol and tobacco. Medications may relieve some symptoms, but the CDC reminds us never to give aspirin to children or teenagers who have flu-like symptoms, especially fever.

If you need to go to the doctor for care, be sure to tell the reception staff that you think you have the flu. You may be asked to wear a mask and/or sit in a separate area to protect others from getting sick.

The High Risk Factor

Most healthy people recover from the flu without complications, but people over 65, people with chronic medical conditions, pregnant women and young children are at high risk for serious complications and should consult a health-care provider if they develop flu symptoms. Seek medical care immediately if you or someone you know is experiencing any of these emergency warning signs:

In children

• Fast breathing or difficulty breathing
• Bluish skin color
• Not drinking enough fluids
• Not waking up or not interacting
• Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held
• Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough
• Fever with a rash

In adults

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
• Sudden dizziness
• Confusion
• Severe or persistent vomiting